Cross-Cultural Mission Strategy in Balinese Culture
Abstrak
This article aims to research the Balinese tribes in the Hindu cultural region and find mission methods that suit the Balinese tribes. Research on these tribes is crucial in finding effective mission methods. This is because an understanding of the people, religion, culture, and tribal worldview can help find a good point of contact for a successful mission.
The author has investigated the Balinese tribe from a social, religious, and cultural perspective. In particular, Balinese Hindu traits have been identified and analyzed, as well as the Hindu social structure, caste system, and local communities and rituals in Bali have been investigated. Research on the history of missions in Bali is also carried out to find obstacles in missions in Bali, reduce mistakes in facing new mission challenges, and find effective and implementable mission activities. The history of missions in Bali may be short, but it is full of suffering and tears. However, at the same time, a spark of hope can be found that is not extinguished in the midst of adversity.
The Trinity of God in His mission, the author analyzes the 'role of the Holy Spirit', emphasizing the Holy Spirit at work in Bali. The author focuses on the Trinity relationship of God to communicate the importance of the mission attitude that wants to communicate through the relationship. This is linked to 'mission contextualization', and the author mentions a model of contextualization that leads towards physical spiritual unity. We also investigated the concept of 'Missionary Church' and how it can be applied in cross-cultural mission sites. Regarding the 'mission for the weak', the author analyzes Jesus' mission to the poor, marginalized, and weak, and mentions the importance of mission for them today. In addition, we mentioned the advantages of the peripheral mission model that can be applied in Bali, especially in orphanage services, and we present the future direction for orphanage services in Bali that are currently operating.
Before offering practical mission methods, the author has done a theological reflection on the mission of the Triune God, the contextualization of missions, the mission church, and missions for the weak. The author also proposes an independent mission church model in the form of a cooperative and proposes the mission of Christian schools as part of the educational mission. Now, through the study of the mission of the Balinese tribe in the Hindu cultural region of Bali, it can be concluded that God's mission can be accessed through the view of Jesus Christ in the flesh. In other words, when we have an attitude of loving and respecting the Balinese tribe with the heart of Jesus Christ, we can find the mission connection point and achieve the mission results.
Referensi
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Balswick, Jack. O, Pamela Ebstyne King, and Kevin S. Reimer. The Reciprocating Self: Human
Development in Theological Perspective, Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press, 2005.
Brawida, Agung, Jejak Langkah Napas A. A. Panji Tisna, Singaraja: Tulus Pustaka, 2012.
Craig, Gelder Van, Dwight J, and Zscheile, The Missional Church in Perspective, Choi Dong Gyu
Terjmahan, 선교적 교회론의 동향과 발전, Seoul: CLC, 2015.
End, Th Van den, J Weitjens, Ragi Carita 2, Jakarta: BPK Gunung Mulai, 2016.
Frost, Michale and Hirsch Alan, The Shaping of Things to Come, Ji Seung Gun Terjmahan, 새로운
교회가 온다, Seoul: IVP, 2009.
Ga Jong Su, Pulau Dewata, Bali, Seoul: Book Korea, 2010.
Guder, Darrell, “통전적 선교신학을 향하여: 세계, 공동체, 이웃” Jurnal Mission and Thelologi
(2005): 153-177.
Glasser, Arthur F. and McGavran Donald, Contemporary Theologies of Mission, Jeon Ho Jin
Terjmahan, 선교학, Seoul: 개혁주의 신행협회, 1985.
Hang, Tsang To, Sejarah Perintis Penginjilan di Bali, Jakarta: Rev. John Zachariah.1998.
Hesselgrave, David. j., Communication Christ Cross-Culturally, Michigan: Zondervan, 1991.
Heidhues, Mary Somers, Southeast Asia: A Concise History, Pak Jang Sik dan Kim dong Yup
Terjmahan, 동남아의 역사와 문화, Seoul: 솔과학, 2012.
Hiebert, Paul G, Anthropological Insights for Missionaries, Kim Dong Hwa dkk Terjmahan, 선교와
문화 인류학, Seoul: JoyMission, 1996.
Joko M., Agus, Sejarah Permulaan Gereja Kemah Injil Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Penerbit ANDI, 2017.
Kerlogue, Fiona, Art of Southeast Asia, Park Jang Sik Terjmahan, 동남아의 예술세계, Seoul:
솔과학, 2012.
Keum Joo seop, Together towards Life Mission and Evangelism in Changing Landscapes, Seoul: The
Christian Literature Society of Korea, 2016.
Kim Young Dong, Misiologi untuk menyelamatkan gereja, Seoul: Presbyterian University and
Theological, 2003.
Lee Byoung Ok dkk, Today and Tomorrow of Missional Church, Seoul: Jeyong Communication,
Linton, A. William, “The Place of the Industrial Department Korea Mission Boys’ School” Jurnal The
Presbyterian Survey 19 (1929): 361
Newbigin, Lesslie, The household of God, Hong Byoung Ryong Terjmahan, 교회란 무엇인가,
Seoul: IVP, 2010.
Suada, I Nyoman, Bali dalam Perspektif Sejarah dan Tradisi dalam Relevansinya dengan Era Global
Menuju Keajegan Bali yang Harmonis, Denpasr: Yayasan Dewata, 2013.
Saputra, I Putu Yudi Permana, Sejarah migrasi orang-orang Keristen protestan di desa Blimbingsari,
Kecamatan Melaya, Kabupaten Jembrana, Bali dan Nilai Nilai karakter sebagai sumber
belajar sejarah di SMA, Singaraja: Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, 2016.
Sweet, Leonard, Viola Frank, Jesus Speaks, Kim Se Kwon Terjmahan, Seoul: Yodan Press, 2018.
Tozer, W. A., Biarkaan Umatku Pergi, Bandung: Kalam Hidup, 1994.
Triguna, Ida Bagus Gde Yudha, Strategi Hindu, Jakarta: t.p, 2011.
Winter, D Ralph. Steven C, and Hawthorne, Perspectives on the World Christian Movement, Jeong
Ok Bae dkk Terjmahan, Gyeonggi: Ywam Korea, 2012.
Winter, D. Ralph, “Unreached Peoples: Recent Developments in the Concept” Jurnal Mission frontier
(1989): 12-19
Young Sang Noo, Agama kristen dan Masyarakat Masa Depan, Seoul: The Christian Literature
Society of Korea, 2009.
계재광, “관계적 삼위일체론에서 본 신앙인과 교회의 비전에 대한 연구” Jurnal
한국기독교 신학논총 102 (2016): 167-192.
김동찬, “사도행전의 경계넘는 선교 연구: 헬라파 유대인 디아스포라를 중심으로” Jurnal
Mission Newwork (2012): 78-102.
김예금, “인도네시아 발리 께짝(Kecak)공연의 맥락화(Contextuali)” Jurnal Stuid Asia17 (2014):
-196.
고재길, “본회퍼의 ‘윤리학’에 나타난 생명의 개념과 선의 문제” Jurnal Mission and
Theology 29 (2012): 251-282.
박상진, “왜, 기독교학교인가?” Jurnal 장신논단 24 (2005):491-522.
박영환, “사회봉사 신학의 역사적 발달과 전망” Jurnal 한국기독교신학논총 14 (1997): 299-
변창욱, “내한(來韓) 선교사의 교육선교(1884-1940): 한국 교회의 교육선교에 주는 선교적
함의” Jurnal Mission and Theology 36 (2015): 103-138.
서동수, “고린도전서 9:19-23: 복음, 해석학, 선교, 문화에 대한 사도바울의 이해” Jurnal
Jurnal Mission and Theology 30 (2012): 210-211.
이장호, “발리 힌두교와 오늘의 기독교 선교”, ACTS University, M.th (1993).